نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Aim: Carbohydrates are a key energy source for the intermittent and high-intensity demands of football, helping maintain muscle glycogen, stabilize blood glucose, and delay fatigue. However, the effectiveness of different carbohydrate strategies—including pre-exercise intake, in-game supplementation, post-exercise recovery, and carbohydrate mouth rinsing—remains debated. This review aimed to synthesize evidence from the past decade on how carbohydrate ingestion influences physical capacity, anaerobic output, technical performance, and recovery in football players.
Methods: Twenty-five studies (2015–2025) involving any carbohydrate intervention and reporting football-related performance outcomes were analyzed. Data were systematically extracted and qualitatively synthesized to identify common patterns, methodological differences, and plausible physiological mechanisms.
Results: Most carbohydrate strategies were linked with performance benefits. Pre-exercise intake improved repeated high-intensity running and reduced late-match decline. In-exercise carbohydrate beverages supported anaerobic output and intermittent running. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing, even without ingestion, appeared to modulate central pathways, reduce perceived exertion, and help maintain technical skills under fatigue. Post-exercise intake enhanced glycogen resynthesis and readiness for subsequent sessions. Nonetheless, heterogeneity across protocols, small samples, limited female and youth representation, and few long-term field studies remain major limitations.
Conclusion: Timely and targeted carbohydrate intake is an effective nutritional approach to enhance performance and recovery in football, supporting high-intensity work capacity, technical precision, and cognitive function. More large-scale and comparative studies are required to refine guidelines across genders and performance levels
کلیدواژهها [English]
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