تأثیر مصرف مکمّل انار و تمرین مقاومتی بر سطح CRP، CK، LDH مردان بدن‌ساز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: با توجه به اهمیت مصرف آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های گیاهی در جلوگیری از شاخص‌های آسیب عضلانی و التهابی، هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر هشت هفته مصرف مکمّل انار و تمرین مقاومتی بر سطح CRP، CK، LDH در مردان بدن‌ساز است.
روش‌: 20 مرد بدن‌ساز در یک طرح نیمه تجربی با شاخص توده بدن 77/2±51/27، به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه مکمّل انار + تمرین مقاومتی (10 نفر) و دارونما + تمرین مقاومتی (10 نفر) قرار گرفتند. گروه مکمّل روزانه 200 میلی‌گرم کپسول انار و گروه دارونما روزانه 200 میلی‌گرم کپسول دکستروز را به مدت هشت هفته دریافت کردند. همچنین آزمودنی‌های گروه مکمّل و دارونما در دوره مکمّل‌دهی، برنامه تمرین مقاومتی 5 جلسه در هفته، با شدت 80-60 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه به روش هرمی را اجرا کردند. نمونه‌های خونی به‌منظور اندازه‌گیری شاخص‌های آسیب عضلانی و التهابی، طی شرایط ناشتایی در دو مرحله پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون گرفته شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تی مستقل و آزمون تی وابسته، با سطح معناداری (05/0P ≤) انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: مقادیر سرمی کراتین کیناز در هر دو گروه از مرحله پیش‌آزمون به پس‌آزمون کاهش نشان داد؛ به‌نحوی ‌که در گروه مکمّل + تمرین مقاومتی 44/33 درصد و در گروه دارونما + تمرین مقاومتی، 98/12 کاهش یافت که تنها در گروه مکمّل + تمرین مقاومتی معنادار بود (003/0p=). همچنین مقادیر لاکتات دهیدروژناز در گروه مکمّل + تمرین مقاومتی 82/7 درصد و در گروه دارونما + تمرین مقاومتی 82/3 درصد کاهش نشان داد که این کاهش در گروه مکمّل + تمرین مقاومتی معنادار بود (008/0p=). مقادیر CRP نیز در گروه مکمّل + تمرین مقاومتی 56/36 درصد و گروه دارونما + تمرین مقاومتی 10 درصد کاهش نشان داد، این کاهش در گروه مکمّل + تمرین مقاومتی معنادار بود (003/0p=). همچنین تفاوت معناداری در سطوح CRP بین دو گروه تحقیق مشاهده شد (017/0p=). در حالی‌که در شاخص‌های آسیب عضلانی، تفاوت معنادار بین‌گروهی مشاهده نشد (05/0P>).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که هشت هفته مصرف مکمّل انار و تمرین مقاومتی، در کاهش شاخص‌های آسیب عضلانی و التهابی تاثیر داشته است. اگرچه تأثیر مکمّل انار بر شاخص التهابی (CRP) به‌مراتب بیشتر از شاخص‌های آسیب عضلانی (CK،LDH) بود. لذا، مصرف مکمّل انار می‌تواند اثرات مفید و سودمندی جهت کاهش بروز علائم التهابی و آسیب عضلانی داشته باشد؛ بنابراین، بدن‌سازان می‌توانند برای کاهش بروز التهاب و آسیب عضلانی در انجام تمرین، از مکمّل انار بهره‌ جویند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of pomegranate supplement consumption and resistance training on CRP, CK, LDH levels in male bodybuilders

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Akbarpour 1
  • Zahra Samari 2
  • Saied Totabi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 PhD. Student, Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
3 Master's Degree, Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Qom University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Considering the importance of using herbal antioxidants in preventing muscle damage and inflammatory indicators, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of pomegranate supplementation and resistance training on CRP, CK, and LDH levels in male bodybuilders.
Method: 20 male bodybuilders in a semi-experimental design with a body mass index of 27.51±2.77 were randomly placed in two groups: pomegranate supplement+resistance training (10 people) and placebo+resistance training (10 people). The supplement group received 200 mg pomegranate capsules daily and the placebo group received 200 mg dextrose capsules daily for eight weeks. Also, the subjects of the supplemental and placebo groups performed a resistance training program 5 sessions per week, with an intensity of 60-80%, and a maximum repetition in the pyramid method during the supplementation period. Blood samples were taken in order to measure muscle damage and inflammation indices, during fasting conditions, in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was done using independent t-test and dependent t-test with significance level (P≤0.05).
Findings: Serum levels of creatine kinase in both groups showed a decrease from pre-test to post-test; In such a way that it decreased by 33.44% in the supplement+resistance training group and 12.98% in the placebo+resistance training group, which was significant only in the supplement + resistance training group (p=0.003). Also, lactate dehydrogenase values ​​decreased by 7.82% in the supplement+resistance training group and by 3.82% in the placebo+resistance training group, which was significant in the supplement+resistance training group (p=0.008). CRP values ​​also decreased by 36.56% in the supplement group+resistance exercise and by 10% in the placebo group+resistance exercise, this decrease was significant in the supplement+resistance exercise group (p=0.003). Also, a significant difference in CRP levels was observed between the two research groups (p=0.017). While in muscle damage indices, no significant difference between groups was observed (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of pomegranate supplementation and resistance training had an effect in reducing muscle damage and inflammation indicators. Although the effect of pomegranate supplement on the inflammatory index (CRP) was much higher than the muscle damage indices (CK, LDH). Therefore, the consumption of pomegranate supplements can have beneficial effects to reduce the incidence of inflammatory symptoms and muscle damage; Therefore, bodybuilders can use pomegranate supplements to reduce inflammation and muscle damage during exercise.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pomegranate supplement
  • Resistance training
  • CRP
  • CK
  • LDH
  • Male bodybuilders

مراجع

  1. Cook SB, Clark BC & Ploutz-Snyder LL. Effects of exercise load and blood-flow restriction on skeletal muscle function. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2007; 39(10): 1708-1713.
  2. Butterfield DL, Draper DO, Ricard MD, Myrer JW, Schulthies SS & Durrant E. The effects of high-volt pulsed current electrical stimulation on delayed-onset muscle soreness. Journal of Athletic training. 1997; 32(1): 15-20.
  3. Teague BN & Schwane JA. Effect of intermittent eccentric contractions on symptoms of muscle microinjury. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1995; 27(10): 1378-1384.
  4. Marcora SM & Bosio A. Effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on endurance running performance in humans. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2007; 17(6): 662-671.
  5. Namani F, Kashef M & Lari A. The effect of warming on the relationship between CK and LDH in women's athletic recovery. Olympic Journal. 2004; 12(4): 97-107. [in persian]
  6. Nieman DC, Henson DA, McAnulty SR, McAnulty L, Swick NS, Utter AC, Vinci DM, Opiela SJ & Morrow JD. Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon. Journal of applied physiology. 2002; 92(5): 1970-1977.
  7. Farsi E, Rahimi E & Tabatabaeiyan A. The effect of eight weeks strength training on c-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Journal of sport bioscience researche 2012; 2(7): 61-70. [in persian]
  8. Malm C, Sjödin B, Sjöberg B, Lenkei R, Renström P, Lundberg IE & Ekblom B. Leukocytes, cytokines, growth factors and hormones in human skeletal muscle and blood after uphill or downhill running. The Journal of physiology. 2004; 556(3): 983-1000.
  9. Pettersson J, Hindorf U, Persson P, Bengtsson T, Malmqvist U, Werkström V & Ekelund M. Muscular exercise can cause highly pathological liver function tests in healthy men. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008; 65(2): 253-259.
  • Fang YZ, Yang S & Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. 2002; 18(10): 872-879.
  • Davison G & Gleeson M. Influence of acute vitamin C and/or carbohydrate ingestion on hormonal, cytokine, and immune responses to prolonged exercise. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2005; 15(5): 465-479.
  • Jaja SI, Ikotun AR, Gbenebitse S & Temiye EO. Blood pressure, hematologic and erythrocyte fragility changes in children suffering from sickle cell anemia following ascorbic acid supplementation. Journal of tropical pediatrics. 2002; 48(6): 366-370.
  • Atashak S & Baturak K. The effect of BCAA supplementation on serum C-reactive protein and creatine kinase after acute resistance exercise in soccer players. Annals of Biological Research. 2012; 3(3): 1569-1576.
  • Mertens-Talcott SU, Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Rios J, Hingorani L & Derendorf H. Absorption, metabolism, and antioxidant effects of pomegranate polyphenols after ingestion of a standardized extract in healthy human volunteers. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006; 54(23): 8956-8961.
  • Trombold JR, Reinfeld AS, Casler JR & Coyle EF. The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on strength and soreness after eccentric exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2011; 25(7): 1782-1788.
  • Wood LG, Hosseini B, Saedisomeolia A, Yaseri M & Tavasoli S. Effects of pomegranate extract supplementation on; p inflammation in overweight and obese individuals: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2016; 22: 44-50.
  • Fitschen PJ, Wu PT, Kistler BM, Jeong JH, Chung HR, Aviram M, Phillips SA, Fernhall B Wilund KR. Effects of pomegranate extract supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors and & physical function in hemodialysis patients. Journal of medicinal food. 2015; 18(9): 941-949.
  • Farhadi H, Rahimifardin S & Baghaiee B. The effect of 8 week of pomegranate supplementation on inflammatory and muscular damage indices in over weight untrained men due todifferent intensity VO2max. Journal of practical studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2017; 5(9): 31-41.
    [in persian]
  • Essa MM, Subash S, Akbar M, Al-Adawi S & Guillemin GJ. Long-term dietary supplementation of pomegranates, figs and dates alleviate neuroinflammation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. 2015; 10(3): 1-17.
  • Sahebkar A, Asgary S, Afshani MR, Keshvari M, Haghjooyjavanmard S & Rafieian‐Kopaei M. Clinical evaluation of blood pressure lowering, endothelial function improving, hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice in hypertensive subjects. Phytotherapy Research. 2014; 28(2): 193-199. [in persian]
  • PHillips T, CHilds AC, Dreon DM, PHinney S & Leeuwenburgh C. A dietary supplement attenuates IL-6 and CRP after eccentric exercise in untrained males. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2003; 35(12): 2032-2037.
  • Gómez-Caravaca AM, Verardo V, Toselli M, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A & Caboni MF. Determination of the major phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2013; 61(22): 5328-5337.
  • Noda Y, Kaneyuki T, Mori A & Packer L. Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruit extract and its anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2002; 50(1): 166-171.
  • Kon M, Tanabe K, Akimoto T, Kimura F, Tanimura Y, Shimizu K, Okamoto T & Kono I. Reducing exercise-induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenzyme Q 10. British journal of nutrition. 2008; 100(4): 903-909.
  • Shadmanfard A, Nemati A, Naghizadeh Baghi A & Mazani M. The Effect of Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Young Healthy Males. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2012; 12(5): 77-86. [in persian]
  • Bryer SC & Goldfarb AH. Effect of high dose vitamin C supplementation on muscle soreness, damage, function, and oxidative stress to eccentric exercise. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2006; 16(3): 270-280.
  • Dawson B, Henry GJ, Goodman C, Gillam I, Beilby JR, Ching S, Fabian V, Dasig D, Morling P & Kakulus BA. Effect of Vitamin C and E supplementation on biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage after a 21 km run. International journal of sports medicine. 2002; 23(1): 10-15.
  • Bayat CE, Fallahzadeh H, Askari G, Rahavi R, Maghsoudi Z & Nadjarzadeh A. The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammation induced by exercise in healthy young men. Journal Of Isfahan Medical School. 2015; 32(320): 2464-2472. [in persian]
  • Karami S, Kashef M, GAEINI A, Rajabi H & Amani M. The effect of glutamine supplement on changes in hsp72, cortisol and plasma glucose after exercise. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2013; 15(2): 166-173. [in persian]
  • Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft DM & Kader AA. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry. 2000; 48(10): 4581-4589.
  • Pantuck AJ, Leppert JT, Zomorodian N, Aronson W, Hong J, Barnard RJ, Seeram N, Liker H, Wang H, Elashoff R & Heber D. Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. 2006; 12(13): 4018-4026.
  • Fazli D, Malekirad A, Bayrami M, Shariatzadeh SM & Karkhaneh A. The effect of pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.) on the oxidative stress of 15-17year old girls in Arak. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2009; 10(4): 44-49. [in persian]
  • Cavas L & Tarhan L. Effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation on cardiac marker and radical scavenging enzymes, and MDA levels in young swimmers. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2004; 14(2): 133-146.
  1. Foroughi A, Ebrahimi M & Changizi M. The effect of a single session of resistance exercise on indices of muscle damage and DOMS in student male athletes. Research on Educational Sport. 2015; 3(8): 37-52. [in persian]
  2. Malhotra JD, Miao H, Zhang K, Wolfson A, Pennathur S, Pipe SW & Kaufman RJ. Antioxidants reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve protein secretion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008; 105(47): 18525-18530.
  • Azizi MI, Razmjou S, Rajabi HA, Hedayati MA & Sharifi S. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle injury in elite female swimmers after a strenuous training period. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2010; 5(3): 1-10. [in persian]
  • Traber MG. Relationship of vitamin E metabolism and oxidation in exercising human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition. 2006; 96(1): 34-37.

 

پژوهش های کاربردی در تغذیه ورزشی و علم تمرین
دوره 1، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 55-72

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار